Cylinder for internal-combustion engines



H. IUNKERS.

CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

AEPLICATION FILED DEC. i916.

INVENT'DR.

Patented Mar. 21,1922. I

"- i ATTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HUGO vJ'Ull'llllgs, OF AACHEN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,T0 OPPOSED PISTON OIL ENGINE C0., INC., A CORPORATION OF N'EW YORK.

.CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL-GOMBUSTION ENGINES.-

Specification of letters Patent. p

Patented Main 21, 1922.

Original application led June 25, 1913, Serial No. 775,693. Divided andthis application led December l, 1916. Serial No. 134,436.

To all whom it may concern.'

Beit known that I, HUGO JUNKERS, a citizen of Germany, residing atAachen, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCylinders for Internal- Combustion Engines; and I. do hereby declare thefollowing'to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

This invention relates' to the construction of cylinders for internalcombustion engines of the type having two pistons reciprocating withinthe cylinder structure in opposite di-4 rections simultaneously. Thisapplication constitutes a division of an application filed by me on June25, 1913, and serially numbered 775,693. In that application isdescribed a cylinder structure comprising a liner constituting a guidefor the pistons, which possesses insuiiicient strength to withstand thestrains resulting from the combustion of gases therein, and areinforcing ring surrounding lthis liner and serving to resist thepressure within the liner, either or both the liner and the ring beingso formed as to provide spaces for a cooling medium which comes indirect contact with the exterior surfaces ofthe relatively thin linerand is there? fore the more effective in carrying olf heat therefrom.The present invention involves the production of a cylinder structure ofthis same type constructed in a particular manner whereby importantadvantages are secured.

The cylinder structure constructed in accordance with the presentinvention comprises two thin liners of insufficient strength towithstand the pressure of combustion and constituting guides for the twopistons, these two liners being arranged in axial alignment with theiradjacent ends spaced apart, and a strengthening ring closel`-"-embracing the adjacent ends of the two iners, the space within thisreinforcing ring and between the adjacent ends of the liners forming thecombustion chamber of the engine. The strengthening ring, in additionAto receiving and supporting the adjacent ends of the two 1iners,extendsover substantial portions of the liners so as to relieve them of thestrains incident to the combustion of gases therein and either or boththe ring and the liners are formed so as to provide passages betweenthem f or the flow of a cooling medium which comes 1n direct contactwith the exterior surfaces of the liners.v By this construction,

devices to the cylinder structure is greatly simplified, for theseyalvedevices may be mounted upon the reinforcing ring and may extend throughopenings therein to the combustion chamber; in other words, these valvedevices do not extend through the liners which, by reason of their shapeand thickness and the material employed therein, would be particularlyliable to rupture or distortion about openings therein for valves. Thereinforcing ring, on the other hand, may be made of ample thickness andof a material possessing great tensile strength which will readilywithstand the strains incident to securing valve devices in openingsextending therethrough. Furthermore, this construction facilitates theprovision of adequate means forcooling the portion of the cylinderstructure about the combustion chamberv and particularly the partsimmediately surrounding the openings for valve casings. As above stated,ample passages for a cooling liquid are provided between the liners andthe lreinforcing ring; in addition to these, a plurality of ducts maybeprovided .extending through the reinforcing ring from the coolingpassages on one side of the combustion chamber to those on the other andcertain of these ducts may be carried close to any openings through thereinforcing ring provided for the reception of valve devices.

The reinforcing ring is employed as the medium for supporting theadjacent ends of the two liners and holding them in proper relativepositions. This is preferably done by shrinking the reinforcing ringupon. the liners.. The liners and ring are provided with correspondingcircumferential grooves and flanges which are brou ht into co-action bysliding the ring upon t e y'liners while it is hot and thoroughlyexpanded and-then cooling it. In this way, the proper mechanicalconnection of the liners and reinforcing `ring is effected and inaddition these parts are united so snugly as to preclude leakage of thecooling liquid through the joint to the interior of the cylinder.

I have illustrated the preferred embodiment of my invention in theaccompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of acylinder structure constructed in accordance with the invention, showingthe two pistons therein; Fig. 2 is a view similar to the central portionof'Fig. 1, showing the use of long vbolts for holdingv the partstogether; Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 lillustrating a furthermodification; Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing a structure inwhich the passages for the cooling medium extend axially; Figs. 5 and 6are transverse sections of lines 5-5 and 6-6 of Fig. 4; and Figs. 7 and8 are views illustrating steps in the assemblage of the parts shown inFigs. 3 and 4.

In all of the figures of the drawing, 1, 1, designate the two liners and2 designates the reinforcing ring, the two liners being arranged inaxial alignment with their adjacent ends spaced apart and thestrengthening ring closely embracing the adjacent ends of these twoliners.

The pistons are shown at 16, each having a piston rod l17 connectedthereto; these two pistons are adapted to reciprocate in oppositedirections slmultai eously and each liner 1 forms a guide for one of thepistons in its reciprocating movement. In Fig. 1 the pistons areillustrated at the end of their movement toward each other. The space 3between the two pistons and within the portion of the reinforcing rinlying between the adjacent ends of the liners constitutes the combustionchamber. In that portion of the reinforcing ring is an opening for thereception of a valve casing as shown at 4 in Fig. 3. I

In Fig. 1, the reinforcing ring 2 is shown as fitting snuglyupon .thetwo liners 1. At the right, the ring is shown as bolted by bolts 9 to aflange on the liner 1. At the left, a part of the casing 8 of the engineis lshown as bolted to the ring 2 by the bolts 9 and flanged to co-actwith a corresponding flange on the liner l. The exhaust ports are shownat 7. Passages for a cooling medium are rovided between the 'reinforcingring and t e liners so that the cooling medium will come in directcontact with the exterior surfaces of the liners. In Fig. 1, provisionforA such passages is made by forming circumferential ribs upon theinterior of the ring 2 so that passages 6 are formed between these ribs.The portion of the ring 2 against which' the Vadjacent ends of theliners abut consists of an interior and annular projection and theopening for the valve .casing 4 passes `through this projection as isindicated by the dotted lines. i

In order to insure proper cooling of all of the cylinder structure andfacili-tate the flow of the cooling medium through the passages' 6,a'plurality of ducts are provided extending through this interiorannular projection as is indicated by the dotted lines. Two of theseducts 5 are located on opposite sides of and close to each opening for avalve casing 4, so as to guard against overheating of these parts.

In Fig.-2, the adjacent ends of the liners 1 are provided 'with grooves11 corresponding with ribs upon the interior annular projection of thereinforcing ring 2. 'These partsare assembled as is indicated in Fig. 2,and are held together by-means of elongatedA bolts 10 as shown. In theconstrucf tion illustrated in Fig. 2, the passages 6 for the coolingmedium are formed partly in the reinforcing ring 2 and partly in theliners 1. v

In'Figs, 3 and 4, the co-acting grooves and ribs of the liners and ringare formed -on surfaces which parallel the axis instead of beingtransverse to the axis as in the case of the Fig. 2 construction. Theparts may, therefore, be secured togetherrigidly and tight jointseffected between them by shrinking the ring 2 upon the ends of theliners. This operation is illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 wherein 15indicates ribs on the liners adapted to enter grooves on the ring and 14indicates ribs on the ring ada ted to enter grooves on the liners. Fig.shows the positions of the parts after the ring has cooled and shrunkinto position upon the in position in axial' alignment and the properdistance apart, movement of the liners toward or away from each other iseffectually preventedand the joints between the liners and thereinforcing ring are so tight as to eliminate the danger of loss ofpressure therethrough or leakage of the cooling liquid to the interiorof the cylinder structure.

In Fig. 3, the ring 2 has extensions 18 secured thereto by means ofbolts 9. In Fig. 4, the channels for the cooling medium extend in thedirection of the axis instead of circumferentially as in the preceding{igures. For this purpose the reinforcing ring 2 is provided withlengthwise grooves on the interior thereof forming the passages 6 forrthe cooling medium and ducts 5 extending through the interiorannular'projection of the rlng 2 connect the passages Gon opposite sidesof that projection. Also, by

^ embracing the a rior of the reinforcing ring 2. For this purpose thecooling water .is conned by an elastic casing 12 which is secured to theexterior of the ring 2 by bands 13.

\ I claim:

1. A cylinder structure for an engine having two pistons reciprocatingsimultaneously in opposite directions comprising two thin linersconstituting ides for the pistons arranged in axial a 'gnment with theiradjacent ends spaced apart and a strengthening ring closely embracingthe adjacent ends of the llners and forming a combusion chamber withinthe ring and between the ends of the two liners.

2. A cylinder structure for an engine having two pistons reciprocatingsimultaneously in opposite directions comprising two thin linersconstituting guides for the two pistons arranged in axial alignment withtheir adjacent ends spacedapart, and a strengthening rin embracing theadjacent ends of the two liners and providing spaces for a coolingmedium between it and the two liners, the space within the ring andbetween the adjacent ends of the liners constituting a combustionchamber.

y 3.7,A cylinder structure for an engine having two pistonsreciprocating simultaneously 1n opposite directions comprising two thinliners constituting guides for the two pistons arranged in axialalignment with their adjacent ends spaced apart, and a strengtheningring embracing the adjacent endsof the two liners and providing spaces:for a cooling medium between it and the two liners, the space withinthe ring and between the adjacent ends of the` liners constituting acombustion chamber and the ring having ducts formed therein connectingthe spaces for the cooling medium about the two liners.

4. A cylinder structure for an engine havlng two plstons reciprocatingsimultaneously in opposite directions comprising two rhin linersconstituting guides for the two pistons arranged in axial alignment withtheir adjacent ends spaced apart, a strengthening ring jacent ends ofthe two liners and providing spaces for a cooling medium between it andthe two liners, the space within the ring and between the adjacent endsof the liners constituting a combustion chamber, and a valve mountedupon the ring and extending therethrough to the combustion chamber.

5. A cylinder structure for an engine having two pistons reciprocatingsimultaneously in opposlte directions comprising a strengthening ring oftubular form having an interior annular projection, and two tubularguides for pistons having their ends entering the ring and secured tothe projection, the

ening ring of tubular form having an interior annular projection and twotubular guides for pistons having their ends entering the ring andsecured to the projection, the ring and liners being formed to providespaces between them for a cooling medium, and the ring having ductsformed therein bridging the projection and connecting the spaces for thecooling medium.

7. A cylinder structure for an engine having two pistons reciprocatingsimultaneously in opposlte directions comprising a strengthening ring oftubular form having an interior annular projection, two tubular guidesfor pistons having their ends entering the ring and secured to theprojection, the ring and liners being formed to provide spaces betweenthem for a cooling medium, and a valve mounted on the rin and passingthrough the portion thereo on which the projection is formed to thecombustion chamber located therein.

8. A cylinder structure for an engine having two pistons reciprocatingsimultaneously in opposite directions comprising a strengthening rin andtwo liners mounted therein and constltuting guides for the pistons, theinterior of the ring and the adjacent ends of the liners having groovesand flanges thereon which are brought into co-action to unite the ringand the liners by shrinking the ring upon the ends of the liners.

9. A cylinder structure for an engine having two pistons reciprocatingsimultaneously in opposlte directions comprising a strengthening rin andtwo liners mounted therein and constituting guides for the pistons, thering and liners being formed to provide spaces between them for acooling medium and the ring and the adjacent ends of the liners havinggrooves and flanges thereon which are brought into co-action byshrinking the ring on the liners to unite the ring and the liners andprevent escape of the cooling medium from said passages to the interiorof the cylinder.

10. A cylinder structure for an engine having two pistons reciprocatingsimultaneously in opposite directions, comprising two thin linersconstituting guides for the pistons arranged in axial alignment and sodisposed that one piston reciprocates within and between the ends ofeach of the liners, j

and a strengthening ring closely embracing the adjacent ends of theliners.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my Aslgnature.

HUGO JUN KERS.-

